An adult human being has 206 bones and this number is more in case of a child as there are a number of unfused bones including the bones of sacrum and coccyx of the vertebral column. The skeletal system of humans can be classified into two categories- the axial skeletal system and the appendicular skeletal […]
Osteogenesis: Pathways of Bone Formation and Development
Bones are one of the most important types of connective tissue found in vertebrates as they provide a framework to the body, a definite shape, protect internal organs and the foundation of movement and locomotion. The process of bone formation is called osteogenesis and that of their calcification is termed as ossification. In humans, the […]
Human Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton- 1
Pelvic Girdle Pelvic girdle is formed by two bones i.e. coxal bones or os coxa. The two coxal bones are joined anteriorly by a cartilagenous tissue called pubic symphysis. Posteriorly the coxal bones articulate with the auricular surface of sacrum to form sacro-illiac joint. The pelvic girdle along with the sacrum forms the pelvis. Pelvic […]
Human Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton
Appendicular skeleton includes bones of limbs (forelimbs and hindlimbs) and two girdles; pectoral girdle in the shoulder region and the pelvic girdle present in the pelvis region. Let us discuss the four components of appendicular skeleton in detail: Pectoral girdle Pectoral girdle or shoulder girdle connects the bones of upper limbs with the axial skeleton. […]
History of Forensic Anthropology and Odontology
Forensic anthropology is the science that applies the principles of physical anthropology like craniometry, osteometry, odontology, osteomorphics etc. to aid in legal investigation pertaining to identification, age and sex estimation, estimation of time since death etc. The history of forensic anthropology dates back to the time when physical anthropology evolved. Study of human evolution, variations […]
Scope of Forensic Anthropology: Racial classification
Human skeletal remains can be used to identify the race to which the individual belongs by careful examination of certain discriminating features. The bones of human body, particularly cranial and facial bones, have underwent various changes over the period of time due to different modes of living, nutrition, environment, lifestyle. On the bases of these […]