Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) refers to DNA molecules found outside the main chromosomal genome in eukaryotic cells. Unlike mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or plasmids in bacteria, ecDNA in eukaryotes can include large, circular DNA molecules derived from chromosomal segments. These molecules have garnered significant attention due to their roles in cancer, drug resistance, and evolution. Characteristics of […]
Forensic Biology & Serology
Next Generation Sequencing and its Application in Forensic Science
In the pursuit of conducting a thorough investigation into a crime scene and apprehending the perpetrator, DNA analysis stands as a highly valuable and reliable tool. DNA technology came into existence in the early 1980s. Before that, individualization and identification were done based on blood group types known to scientists. In 1984, Alec Jeffreys developed […]
Harnessing Airborne Human DNA for Forensic Analysis
Forensic science has continuously evolved over the years, with advancements in technology and methodology enhancing the ability to gather evidence and solve crimes. One such breakthrough in forensic analysis is the utilization of airborne human DNA, presenting a novel avenue for evidence collection, especially in scenarios where traditional traces may be absent. Understanding Airborne Human […]
Accumulation of Endogenous and Exogenous Nucleic Acids in “Touch DNA” Components on hands
Touch DNA is widely used in forensic casework and observed to be of low quantity and degraded quality. Research collecting touch DNA following established activity often fails to consider resolving how much of one’s own DNA is accumulated through endogenous secretion versus exogenous handling. The material from donors’ hands must be parsed appropriately into constituent […]
Y-Chromosome Short Tandem Repeats In Forensics- Sexing , Profiling And Matching Male DNA
The analysis of short tandem repeat markers located on the Y chromosome is an established method in forensic casework analysis. Y chromosome markers are used to assist forensic investigations in rapid sexing of traces, for the identification and profiling of masked male DNA components in mixtures with an excess of female DNA, for tracing male […]
Saliva As A Forensic Evidence
Saliva is a complex biological fluid secreted by acinar cells of the major and minor salivary glands. It is an indicator of various plasma constituents. In recent years, its role as a diagnostic and forensic tool is being increasingly researched upon. Besides maintaining the homeostasis of oral structures such as tooth integrity, it also plays […]