Sweat is a fluid secreted by the sweat glands also called sudoriferous glands. The process of production of sweat is called sweating or perspiration. Sweat glands are the exocrine glands which secretes their production onto epithelial cells by the specific ducts. There are two types of sweat glands : Apocrine glands – they are mostly […]
Forensic Biology & Serology
Urine as a Biological Evidence In Forensic Science
Urine is the by product of the cellular metabolism in humans. Urine is yellow-straw coloured fluid produced by the process of urination. It is excreted out from the body by an opening called urethra. It follows a pathway from kidney to urinary bladder through ureters. On an average urine production is around 1.4 Litres per […]
Introduction to Forensic Serology
Forensic serology refers to the detection, identification,classification and study of various bodily fluids such as blood, semen, saliva, urine, vomit, fecal matter, perspiration( sweat ) for the purposes of legal matters. The detection begins with the presumptive test which gives the indication that specific bodily fluid may be present but the other confirmatory test confirms […]
Identification of Menstrual Blood in Forensic Samples
Menstrual blood is regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue (known as menses) from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina. This process begins at what is known as menarche (first cycle ) which happens between 12 to 15 years in girls depending on a lot of factors. The process is known as […]
Blood – The Most Important Biological Fluid in Forensic Science
Blood is the fluid present in the humans as well as other animals responsible for transportation of all the necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. It is a dense connective tissue. Blood is one of the most important and most frequently […]
Short Tandem Repeats or STRs
Introduction Eukaryotic genomes are full of repeated DNA sequences . These repeated DNA sequences come in all types of sizes and are typically designated by the length of the core repeat unit and the number of contiguous repeat units or the overall length of the repeat region. 1. Long repeat units may contain several hundred […]